Short for accelerated graphics port, AGP is an advanced port designed for video cards and 3D accelerators. Developed by Intel and introduced in August 1997, AGP introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller direct access to the system memory. Below is an illustration of what the AGP slot may look like on your motherboard.
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The AGP channel is 32-bits wide and runs at 66 MHz, which is a total bandwidth of 266 MBps and much greater than the PCI bandwidth (up to 133 MBps). AGP also supports two optional faster modes, with a throughput of 533 MBps and 1.07 GBps. It also allows 3-D textures to be stored in main memory rather than video memory.
AGP is available in three different versions, the original AGP version mentioned above, AGP 2.0 that was introduced in May 1998, and AGP 3.0 (AGP 8x) that was introduced in November 2000. AGP 2.0 added 4x signaling and was capable of operating at 1.5V, and AGP 3.0 was capable of double the transfer speeds.
Where is AGP on the motherboard
Note
Today, AGP has been replaced by PCI Express.
A computer with AGP support has one AGP slot next to all other expansion slots or an onboard AGP video. If you needed more than one video card in the computer, you can have one AGP video card and one PCI video card or use a motherboard that supports SLI.
TipNot all operating systems support AGP because of limited or no driver support. For example, Windows 95 did not support AGP. To determine what version of Windows you have, see: How to determine the version of Windows on a computer.
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What is AGP Pro?
AGP Pro is an AGP interface extension specification for advanced workstations. This specification delivers additional power to video cards, includes an extended connector, thermal envelope, mechanical specifications, I/O bracket, and motherboard layout requirements.
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Related pages
AGP Aperture, AIMM, Bus, Computer acronyms, Expansion slot, Hardware terms, Motherboard terms, Video card terms
PATA, also known as Parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment), is a type of internal computer port that attaches to hard drives and other devices. It has been replaced by the faster, sleeker port technology known as Serial ATA, or SATA. Virtually all devices are now made to conform to the SATA standard.
Originally, PATA was known simply as ATA (pronounced by sounding out the letters). The ATA standard evolved into many flavors, with each subsequent type increasing data transfer rates. It wasn’t until the serial flavor of ATA came along that the original parallel standard became retroactively known as PATA.
PATA devices are easy to spot by the rather large 40-pin port that connects to a parallel ATA cable. These cables are flat, wide, ribboned cables with 40 parallel wires, hence the designation, parallel. Data is split among the lanes and travels in parallel between the PATA controller and the connected device in a master/slave configuration. Cables later increased to 80-wires in order to break through a data transfer ceiling hit with the 40-wire flavor of parallel ATA known as ATA/33. The first 80-wire iteration was ATA/66 with a theoretical maximum data transfer rate of 66.6 megabytes per second (MBps), or twice that of ATA/33.
The cables have a maximum length barrier of 18 inches (46 cm), and require 5 volts of power. One side of a PATA cable features a red line to indicate the layout for pin one, useful when connecting the cable to a compatible device. PATA’s death, however, was that it hit a data transfer ceiling at 150 MBps.
SATA cables can be up to 3 feet (1 meter) in length, are very narrow, and only require 250 millivolts of power. The first release of SATA was as fast as ATA/150 (150 MBps), but used only a fraction of the power required by PATA while also allowing more airflow through case. SATA II pushed the data transfer rate to 300 MBps, and more specifications have followed. Older motherboards that only have PATA slots can run SATA devices by using a third-party SATA controller that will fit into the slot, thus allowing an upgrade to SATA without upgrading the motherboard.
During the interim switch to SATA, motherboards generally featured both types of ports and controllers. One PATA port can control up to two legacy parallel devices. SATA uses peer-to-peer technology, (rather than master/slave), so one of its ports controls one device. Motherboards are made with multiple SATA ports for accommodating generous amounts of data storage and optional RAID configurations. SATA devices are also hot-swappable, unlike PATA devices.